Keynesian Theory vs. Supply Side Essay example - 869 Words

Two very important economic policies that point in different directions of fiscal policy include the Keynesian economics and Supply Side economics. They are opposites on the economic policy field and were introduced in the 20th century, but are known for their influence on the economy in the United States both were being used to try and help the economy during the Great Depression. John Maynard Keynes a British economist was the founder of Keynesian economic theory. Keynesian economics is a form of demand side economics that inspires government action to increase or decrease demand and output. Classical economists had looked at the equilibrium of supply and demand for individuals, but Keynesians focuses on the economy as a whole. Keynesian†¦show more content†¦These taxes were passed from business to business and eventually to the consumer, ending with higher prices. Along with raised taxes for the working class, this effect happened because there was little encouragement to work if more was going to be taxed. Many people were also not willing to put money into savings accounts or stocks because the interest was highly taxed or had a higher interest rate. Supply side economics seemed to have worked each time it was tried throughout the past and was even used by John F. Kennedy. Keynesian’s theory of spending your way out of an issue never really worked and most likely won’t work because it contains negative effects. Supply side economics which centers on increasing overall supply that includes good and services that are produced by increasing availability of land, labor, and capital. Keynesian economics focuses on demand side economics and the multiplier effect. This is considered spending your way out of a recession. Keynes showed that the government could switch roles and become consumers during a recession and spend enough money to kick start the economy again. This is a short term policy meant to be used in a case that the United States is in such deep financial problems it would have to come to this. The main difference between the two is that one is a short tem advantage while the other takes longer. Keynesian Economics uses a tool called the multiplierShow MoreRelatedEssay about Divisions of The Field of Economics1407 Words   |  6 Pagesneeded capital expenditures using low rate loans, possible because of stimulus monetary policies, to increase market share, or acquire rivals or complementary businesses at reduced prices. Our first objective is to develop an understanding of tools, theories, and techniques used in macroeconomic analysis. These will allow us to understand how to measure economic growth, productivity, and inflation. What is the impact of budgetary and trade deficits on these factors? How do changes in fiscal and monetaryRead MoreSupply-Side Economics: History and Relevance2977 Words   |  12 PagesSupply-Side Economics: Its History and Relevance Today. â€Å"Supply-side economics provided the political and theoretical foundation for a remarkable number of tax cuts in the United States and other countries during the eighties. Supply-side economics stresses the impact of tax rates on the incentives for people to produce and to use resources efficiently.† -James D. Gwartney Introduction The theory of supply-side economics has several labels associated with it, some positive andRead MoreEssay on Government Spending, Deficits, and Keynesian Economics1236 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluencing the demand and supply of money, primarily though the use of interest rates. It also involves unconventional policies such as open market operations. Monetary policy is most widely used for â€Å"fine tuning† the economy. They are responsible for making small changes. However, monetary policy has its boundaries. In the most recent years monetary policy has become more popular since its set by the Central bank, fiscal policy can possibly have more supply side effects on the wider economyRead MoreMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy1012 Words   |  5 PagesMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy, Which is best? There are two separate ways that the economy can be regulated; the two options are fiscal and monetary policy. Both of these policies main goal is to get the economy to be in economic equilibrium. Economic Equilibrium is a condition or state in which economic forces are completely balanced and allows for optimal use of the economy. Then we are faced with the question of if the economy in in an inflationary gap or a recessionary gap. This paper is goingRead MoreEconomics12898 Words   |  52 Pagesway some if which are complexly stated. One author defines scarcity as a commodity or service being in short supply, relatives to its demand (Kapur 1997) which implies a constant availability of commodity or economic resource relatives to the demand for them. In quantitative terms, scarcity is sad to exist when at a zero price there is a unit of demand, which exceeds the available supply (kapur 1997). Simply put, scarcity pertains to the limited availability of economic resources relative society’sRead MoreTaxes And The Economy : Maximizing Economic Growth2213 Words   |  9 Pagesdebate in the press, congress, and advocacy groups. These debates are created in part because there are many different theories about what drives economic growth. Groups often refer to the Neo-classical, supply-side factors, others the Keynesian demand-side factors, and still others refer to a mixture of the two or something completely their own. Arguing over a current theories ability to maximize growth is extremely difficult. However, looking at historical fiscal policies and decisions made definitelyRead MoreMixed Economy7299 Words   |  30 Pagesneeded] Economies ranging from the United States[3] to Cuba[4] have been termed mixed economies. The economic freedom side includes privately owned industry for reasons including individual freedom, economic efficiency (most especially the allocative efficiency provided by the invisible hand of markets), and the incentive to innovate provided by competition. The government regulation side addresses concerns that the private sector cannot be (or at least has never yet been) well equipped to address, suchRead MoreThe Assertion By Lawrence And Weber Essay2638 Words   |  11 PagesThe assertion by Lawrence and Weber that government may use regulation to â€Å"allocate resources, set prices and constrain socially irresponsible behavior of companies, â€Å"..is also a key principle of Keynesian Economic Theory that postulates that, â€Å"Optimal economic performance could be achieved -†¦-by influencing aggregate demand through activist stabilization and economic intervention policies by the government† (Investopedia, 2013). While the merits and benefits of such action have the potential toRead MoreThe Impact Of Economic Growth On The World And The Environment3597 Words   |  15 Pagesenvironment. This essay provides a selection of theories with unique perspectives regarding the different impacts of economic growth on countries around the world. It will also explore the different methods/theories discussed by academics for best achieving economic growth. Aiming to provide a critical insight to the issues involved in economic growth, this essay will focus firstly on what economic growth means, then going on to consider different theories of achieving economic growth. The way differentRead MoreMacroeconomics Gdp5520 Words   |  23 PagesDemand-Aggregate Supply 2.2 IS/LM 3 Macroeconomic policies 4 Development 4.1 Origins 4.2 Keynes and his followers 4.3 Monetarism 4.4 New classicals 4.5 New Keynesian response 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References [edit] Basic macroeconomic concepts Macroeconomics encompasses a variety of concepts and variables, but three are central topics for macroeconomic research.[3] Macroeconomic theories usually relate the phenomena of output, unemployment, and inflation. Outside of macroeconomic theory, these

junk and shit Essay - 1673 Words

Reflection or Fabrication?† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the beginning of civilized society, man has been infatuated with entertainment. From the ancient Grecian Plays and bloody Roman gladiators to Hollywood productions and Broadway musicals, people have always loved to be entertained. The forms of entertainment have changed, but not the effects that they have on the spectators. Movies, Television, Musicals, and even Music itself, all have a profound effect on the people who loose themselves in the magical (and sometimes hypnotic) charm of the entertainment. It is a way to escape the everyday hustle and bustle of the sometimes chaotic â€Å"real world† and just get lost in the story. Here†¦show more content†¦It shows the audience that humans are not able to be civil, instead they must first resort to a violent behavior and a reckless attitude with the consequences being left to worry about later. Since the introductory or the television in the 1950s, the homicide rate has doubled(CDC.gov). The violent shows also cater to children. A study done by the American Psychological Association concluded that the average child will have witnessed 8,000 murders and over 100,000 different acts of violence by the time he or she will have completed the 5th grade. It was also determined that a child will have spent over 22,000 hours watching television by the time he or she graduates from highschool. That’s twice as many hours than that child spent in school their entire life.(APA.org) A child exposed to such violent programs has been proven to be more aggressive than those not exposed, especially if that child goes un-punished (MSNBC.com). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another great contributor to the violence obtained by children are video games. Coming a long way since â€Å"Pong† and â€Å"Asteroids†, today’s games are full of real life scenarios and violent behavior. Violence that is so realistic, it’s almost unreal. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On November 9th 2004, stores across America were overflowing with customers who were waiting in line to buy the newest video game, Halo 2. The game was createdShow MoreRelatedShort Story872 Words   |  4 Pagesho! Shit bro! This is god damn sweet. I know you are a fucking genius when it comes to machines but this is just unfuckingbelivable. From where did you even get this shit. You dont have that kinda credits. Anyhow, lets go for a rideeeeeeeee! Said Sam while pulling Bric and closing the hood. Bric just laughed and then they both got in the car. They were in an old bunker which is located on the outskirts of one of the biggest cities of Earth, Berlin. It was al Bunker had all kinds of junk lyingRead MoreSummer Speech - Original Writing1646 Words   |  7 Pagespainted a hideous shade of lavender, the choice of the apartment s former occupant. They couldn t afford to paint the room a less atrocious color. There was a carpet over the splintering wood. She had a desk near the dresser, but it was littered with junk. Although it was rather shitty, this was Winter s only refuge. After a good five minutes, she finally realized she had to get up from her bed. With a groan, she sat up. She walked to the pile of clothes, looking for an outfit that wasn t completelyRead MoreThe Death Of Snow - Original Writing973 Words   |  4 Pagesthem they d be going for a drive and that they d be home pretty late. Matt. Shit. At the remembrance of his friend, Nick stumbled back up to one foot and hopped the remaining distance to the car with an awkward gait, reaching the car and resting against it as he looked through the broken windows for a sign of his friend. No dice. Through the jumbled, haphazard interior, Nick could see bits of plastic and various junk pieces that must have broken on impact. He noticed his phone partially coveredRead MoreThe Comprehensive Addiction And Recovery Act Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe station, can expectation to gain comprehensive improve, as the mart for such illegal drug is anticipate to become to $563 million in yearly sales by 2019. MethadoneMethadone is a far-reaching-histrionism opioid dosage. Unlike recreational drug, junk, oxycodone, and other habit-forming opioids that continue in the conceive and extent for only a lacking tempo, methadone has outcome that last for days. Methadone origin suspension, but—inasmuch as of its steadier control on the mu opioid receptors—itRead MoreBeat The Meat Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesMeat that contains the pathogen can be injected with ammonia, a chemical used in glass and window cleaning products. However, the amount of ammonia they use to kill off the E. coli can also be a lethal dose. In conclusion, feeding all this junk to the cow may cause it to grow faster, but it also degrades the quality of the meat and causing diseases to spread between the cattle. The government should be more stringent on the meat packing industries. Instead of hiring workers that has littleRead MoreShort Story721 Words   |  3 Pagesheartbeats. Andreas inclined his head, his eyes fastened on the high-ranked demon in front of him. â€Å"It does, my Lord.† Bossman’s gaze shifted to the box in Andreas’ hand. He clicked his tongue, his face contorted in disgust. â€Å"Why must you insist on eating junk food? Lay it to one side and allow me to summon my personal chef. He is a superb macrobiotic culinary artist.† The demon kissed the tips of his talon-like fingertips, and a flicker of light broke through the darkness in his eyes. â€Å"Tis no bother forRead MoreThe Ant : An Ant1495 Words   |  6 Pagesfuckin flying or something, each thrust sending him higher and higher. The air was filled with the sounds of exoskeleton hitting skin, Scott’s heavy breathes and Antony’s warbled clicks and whistles. â€Å"Oh fuck yes An..Antony a h pleassse mm harderr oh shit† Scott moaned. He was getting close now, he could feel it low in his stomach. He arched his back when a particularly hard thrust hit his prostate dead on, his loud whines getting lost in a sea of pleasure and heat shared between Antony and his masterRead MoreMr. Jackson Drones On And On About Something Or Other1571 Words   |  7 Pagestell me sooner?† Pete exclaims as soon as his best friend picks up. â€Å"I mean, damn! We can start a gay club or some shit like that.† â€Å"You’re not Gay, Pete.† Pete can hear the exasperation in his friend s voice. â€Å"I am hella gay, and you can shove it.† â€Å"Bisexual is not Gay.† â€Å"Well, if you want to get technical, then I’m hella bi. We can start a â€Å"men who love men† club or some shit like that† Pete laughs. â€Å"Exclusive only to us, right?† Patrick asks. Pete can almost hear Pat smile, and it fillsRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The United States Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pagesis bullshit. You can’t use a treaty we didn’t even sign to say you can take all our shit.† I think that’s an exact quote. Then he nationalized the Anglo-Iranian (British Petroleum or BP, today) Oil Company’s oil fields, in order for the profits to, you know, go to Iranians. The British were having none of that bullshit, but they only had, like, one serviceable warplane after World War II, so they couldn’t do shit about it. A political and economic showdown ensued: Iran granted Britain no accessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Ghetto 969 Words   |  4 Pagesdoor in an annoyed manner)Here s the damn book Carlito, if you get fucking lice, te jodiste.  CARLITO(glances at the book in mystery as he takes it into his hands)This is the book he sent you?GLORIA(sighing)Yep, that s one of them. I gotta go do some shit, bye.(gloria throws an air kiss and about to close the door)Oh, if I were you, get rid of that TLA sweater - CRS is around the way and you don t wanna get jumped.  CARLITO (V.O.)I m staring at the book in my hands as I head down in the deathtrap elevator

iPhone. Apple Free Essays

Drew Adams Intro to Art (FINE 1001 002) Learning to Look 02/07/2013 Source. iPhone. Apple. We will write a custom essay sample on iPhone. Apple or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2009 Formal Analysis The product that is advertised in this advertisement is the new iPhone. The composition of this advertisement is only a concept version of the iPhone. It is showing only the back of the iPhone, which gives a different perspective of the main product which makes viewers want to learn more. The color palette of this advertisement consists of mostly dark colors with the print being in white. There is bold print that says, â€Å"Touching is believing†, this statement is bold to show the slogan of the advertisement. The advertiser uses the contrast of the black and white colors to give emphasis to the slogan, which could be the focal point of the picture. The black color maybe gives the sense that the product has great innovation. The viewer can clearly see the Apple logo and knows that the product is made with good quality. Interpretation This advertisement could be trying to show how different apple is than other companies in terms of being innovative. The product being shown is the iPhone, this is Apple’s most prized product on the market. There is text in the middle that is in white and it says, â€Å"Touching is believing†. A key feature is shown as a subtitle under the main slogan that states, â€Å"The new, faster iPhone now with 3G†. The image characterizes the company as superior to other companies. Evaluation The main goal of this advertisement is to get the viewer to buy the product. It surely does a good job of grabbing the attention of the viewer and making people curious about their product. The main audience of this advertisement seems to be anyone who enjoys technology or wants the â€Å"newest† and â€Å"superior† device. By the look of the advertisement it seems to do a good job at reaching the audience that they want to reach. What is impressive about this advertisement is that it is simple yet effective in getting the point across and getting the viewer to be curious. Image of Advertisement How to cite iPhone. Apple, Papers

Accounting for Managers Cash Budget and Income

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers of Cash Budget and Income. Answer: Introduction Present report is based on forecasting of cash budget and income statement of Company X Ltdfor the month July to December. It will include description of its significance to the managerial parties. Part A Cash budget Company X Ltd. Cash Budget on monthly basis for the month July to December Month July August September October November December Opening Cash Balance 50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 Paid up share Capital 400000 Receipt from debtors 1000000 Cash Receipt from sales 400000 500000 500000 700000 1200000 1700000 Total cash receipts 800000 550000 550000 750000 1250000 2750000 Fixed asset purchased 240000 Cash paid to creditors 600000 600000 200000 200000 200000 200000 Labour Cost 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000 Overhead Cost 230000 230000 230000 230000 230000 230000 Payment to creditors 400000 Total cash paid 1370000 1130000 730000 730000 730000 1130000 Closing Balance -570000 -580000 -180000 20000 520000 1620000 Financing Borrowed from Bank 620000 630000 230000 30000 0 0 Repayment 409250 1100750 Interest 60750 13385 Cash balance ending 50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 505865 Interest calculations Interest for November Interest for December July 620000 620000*15%*4/12 31000 (620000-409250)*.15*1/12 2634.375 August 630000 630000*15%*3/12 23625 630000*15%*1/12 7875 September 230000 230000*15%*2/12 5750 230000*15%*1/12 2875 October 30000 30000*15%*1/12 375 30000*15%*1/12 30000*15%*1/12 60750 13384.375 Working note 1 Labour Cost Particular Amount Total Cost 1800000 Period 6 month Cost Per Month 300000 Working note 2 Overhead Particular Amount Total Overheads 1380000 Period 6 month Overhead Per Month 230000 Part B Income statement Budgeted Profit Loss at the end of the period (Amount in $) Income Sales 60,00,000 Expenses Purchases 26,00,000 Labour Cost 18,00,000 Overhead 13,80,000 Interest 74,135 Depreciation (2000*6) 12,000 Profit before Income Tax 133,865 Budgeted profit at the end of the period 133,865 Part C Usefulness of Cash Budget Budget Profit Loss Account Cash Budget Budgets are based on estimated data; therefore they do not present actual data. The result of budgets is dependent on the accuracy or the fairness of data and the sources that have been used for the preparation of budgets. Cash Budget mainly consists of two areas, which are sources of cash and application of cash for a specific period. It is used to ascertain whether the operations of the company will be able to provide sufficient cash to meet the projected cash requirement. In case it is not able to meet the requirement, it gives an early alert to management for finding additional sources of funding. The data of cash budget are used in other budgets also (Hope and Fraser, 2013).The details regarding the operation, financing activities and investing activities can be easily received from it. The results of cash budget are helpful in financing budget, debt and both interest income and interest expense (Lee Jr and et.al. 2012). As from the available data the management gets information regarding surplus and deficit of cash. In case a large, unusual cash balance is presented in cash budget then these balances are dealt in financing where suitable investments are indicated for them (Oduro and et.al. 2013). In cash budget, only cash expenditures are considered i.e. the nature of expenditure and the period in which they accrue does not matter. The objective with which it is prepared to ascertain the cash required for any project or the additional amount required for any project (Warren, 2015.). Budget Profit Loss Account It is majorly used in analysing the financial result of the project of a company i.e. whether they are reasonable or not. As it is compiled with other budgets, the accuracy may be dependent on the realism of the input made available to the budget model (Ebnther, 2015). With the implication of budgeted profit and loss account, the management gets to know the reason of loss if any and changes can be done before practical application of projects (Cox, 2014). The information regarding the major expenses and the additional income from surplus cash is availed by the management through this budget. The main factor which is to know before actually investing in a project is to know that whether the project is financially viable or not and it is known through budgeted profit and loss account. The advantage that can be availed from this budget is that an analysis can be made regarding the project appropriately about the future profit and loss if we input the appropriate data (Bierman Jr and Smidt, 2012.). Conclusion In accordance with the present report, it can be concluded that with the implication of budgeted profit and loss account, the management gets to know the reason of loss if any and changes can be done before practical application of projects. Further, cash budget assist in determining requirements of business. References Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012. The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Cox, P., 2014. Master budget project: cash budget macro. Strategic Finance, 96(4).P.54. Ebnther, S., 2015. Economic Capital for Market Risk. Available at SSRN 2628918. Hope, J. and Fraser, R., 2013. Beyond budgeting: how managers can break free from the annual performance trap. Harvard Business Press. Lee Jr and et.al., 2012. Public budgeting systems. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Oduro and et.al., 2013. Cash Budget Imperative Element of Effective Financial Management. Warren, K., 2015. Time to look again at accrual budgeting. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 14(3), P.113.

Music and Its Influence free essay sample

These primitive musicians would not have known many of the modern terms such as octaves and pitch, but they invented quite possibly the most important aspect of music today – just whack it. Music is basically the control of sound. We can control this sound by varying the pitch, tempo, octaves, and dynamics and so on. There are thousands of ways that we can use music and to shape it to how we want to hear it. But how much has music influenced the way we think today? Why is it so popular?Music dates right back to the prehistoric eras where primitive instruments were constructed using items like bone and wood Quite literally, they would have used things like 2 bones and they would have ‘whacked’ them together. This would obviously have made a sound – either loud or quite depending on how hard you hit them together. Take these primitive bones and add on 8 or 9 thousand years of musical evolution and you get the modern day drum kit. We will write a custom essay sample on Music and Its Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In my own opinion; instruments Have come a very long way. In my research drums, guitars and pianos has change in the way it looks and sounds. Ask yourself!How far did music come from to now? First close your eyes and picture this, even today if you go to some native parts of Africa or Asia. you can see tribes of people performing primeval forms of music. They do this for both entertainment and their religious belief. This form of music normally consists of basic wind instruments and small, hand-made percussion instruments normally made from animal skin or fur. This has been kept traditional by the tribe as they have not been into contact with the outside world. They have managed to keep their precious tradition for thousands of years, and they will be able to keep it for years to come.Their music is the only real surviving traditional music from the early days, and that genre of music has slowly made its way into western culture. If we see a film about a jungle, normally the soundtrack is composed of instruments like bongos or shakers. This is because we instantly associate this sort of music with jungles and indigenous tribes. So whereas some parts of the world stayed traditionalist, other parts were taking music to the next step. Western cultures have used music for almost every aspect of life. Music was used for entertainment and religion.Some countries have unfortunately lost their culture and heritage thanks to more developed countries trying to expand their empires. Traditional drums and flutes have been replaced with more vibrant shakers and trumpets. It is no doubt that the way other countries have acted has greatly affected the distribution of music worldwide. I’m sure you’ll all agree when I say that music is changing very fast. It’s either that or we keep changing our tastes in music every five minutes – which is far more probable. Today if someone put on a record from just 10-20 years ago we’d probably think of that music as being incredibly old or very simple. I don’t know about you, but I can’t stand to watch some (if not most) of the early Top of the Pops because the music is so old. We think of this as being old, but in fact it is incredibly new. The music industry has become overwhelmingly popular ever since some of the pioneers of modern music. Before the War, there had never been a real music industry, but during the war many radio stations made the majority of their income by playing music because lots of music during that era was lyrically focused on subjects like peace and hope.This was undoubtedly something that people wanted to hear, so the music industry started to really form during this time. WHAT? I’ll just get the album when it comes out, thanks. After this, more and more businesses and corporations started to set up record labels and started to sign more and more artists to their label and then distributing their music in CD/Vinyl release and on the radio. Since then, technology of all sorts has had to shape the way it works so that it can keep up with the music industry. Many devices that once had no connections to music now play music and the radio due to customer demands.For example, a fridge with a built in radio. Record labels have got so big nowadays, that they are starting to charge excessive fees for artist’s music. Many bands/artists have recognized this and have made their own record labels so they can have their own means of music distribution. Some examples of these would be Nothing Records, owned by Trent Reznor of Nine Inch Nails, and Morning Records, owned by the Cooper Temple Clause. During my research I’ve learned how music changes the lives of people throughout the world. I can honestly say, I have discovered how has influenced my life and the production of my music.In conclusion, music has evolved substantially from its early days as a form of basic ceremonious compliments to a huge booming industry that plays a major role in our culture and it continues to change every day to suit the needs of the consumers, who enjoy music for what it is, rather than the profit that can be made from record labels.

MBA Math Skills Every Business Student Needs

MBA Math Skills Every Business Student Needs While some math requirements will vary by program, there are several MBA math skills that every business student needs to succeed. These skills can be obtained (or brushed up on) online, as part of a GMAT prep program or in a math refresher course, such as the pre-MBA math boot camps offered by many business schools. Some of the most important MBA math skills involve basic number sense, algebra, calculus, statistics, and probability. Basic Number Sense Basic number sense may seem elementary, but it is important because it is the foundation for all of the business math you will do in an MBA program. You should be able to understand symbolic representation (i.e. the different ways numbers can be represented), how numbers relate to each other, and how numbers can be used in real-world situations. More specifically, you should be able to: Represent numbers as percents, fractions and decimalsPerform conversions on percents, fractions and decimalsSolve problems using percents, decimals, fractions and mixed numbersSimplify mathematical expressions using the appropriate order of operations Algebra for Business Reviewing all the algebra you learned in high school is a must. Algebra is used constantly in business math, particularly in economics, finance, and statistics courses. You can start your preparation by reviewing the definitions of key terms like variable, constant, exponent and operator. After that, you should practice simplifying algebraic expressions, evaluating algebraic expressions with multiple variables, and expanding algebraic expressions using the distributive property. Finally, take time to learn how to: Solve linear equationsSolve systems of linear equationsSolve quadratics by factoringSimplify and solve binomialsSimplify and solve polynomials Calculus for Business Most business school professors will help you understand the calculus you need to know as you go through the curriculum, but if you spend all your time learning the math while youre in a program, youll get a lot less out of most courses than you should. Its a good idea to master a few essential calculus skills prior to the start of your program. Here are specific concepts to know before you go: Function composition and graphingFunction operationsLimits of functionsSlopes and rates of changeDerivatives and differentiationMinimum and maximum valuesExponentials and logarithmsDefinite and indefinite integrals Statistics for Business Statistical analysis is a common task in many MBA courses.  It is important to understand key measures, such as measures of central tendency and measures of spread or dispersion, as well as key properties of populations and samples. Brushing up on the following statistics concepts will help you ace your coursework: Calculate mean, median, mode and rangeCalculate the standard deviationCalculate normal distributionIdentify shifts in the meanCalculate statistical significanceInterpret sampling distributionEstimate sample and population variance Probability for Business When it comes to MBA math, knowing how to calculate probabilities is helpful but not absolutely essential. However, it is important to know how to use numerical probabilities to interpret scenarios, clarify information in uncertain scenarios, and communicate the probability of certain events occurring. You should know how to define all of the following terms: Dependent eventIndependent eventSimple eventCompound eventComplementary eventMutually exclusive eventNon-mutually exclusive eventConditional probability Math for Finance Every MBA student  takes at least one finance class. If youre specializing in a finance-related track, youll take quite a few finance classes. The curriculum will be much easier to navigate if you are familiar with finance mathematics. Some of the specific topics youll want to study before heading off to business school include the time value of money, rates of return and interest formulas. You should be able to calculate: Present and future valuesRequired rate of returnSimple rate of returnModified rate of returnInternal rate of returnSimple interest and compound interest Math for Accounting Like finance classes, accounting classes are practically  inevitable in an MBA program. Youll spend a lot of time working with financial statements, which means you need to be comfortable with common financial ratios. Understanding these ratios will help you analyze trends and perform ratio analysis. You should learn how to calculate: Liquidity ratiosFinancial leverage ratiosProfitability ratiosAsset turnover ratiosDividend policy ratios

Microsoft's Current Development Strategy Case Study

Microsoft's Current Development Strategy - Case Study Example As a company, Microsoft values integrity, honesty, openness, personal excellence, constructive self-criticism, continual self-improvement, and mutual respect. They are committed to their customers and partners and have a passion for technology. They take on big challenges. They hold themselves accountable to their customers, shareholders, partners, and employees by honoring their commitments, providing results, and striving for the highest quality.Microsoft’s best selling products are the Microsoft Windows operating system and the Microsoft Office suite of productivity software. These products have prominent positions in the desktop computer market, with market share estimates as high as 90% or more as of 2003 for Microsoft Office and 2006 for Microsoft Windows, in line with the company's original mission of "a computer on every desk and in every home, running Microsoft software".Microsoft has footholds in other markets besides operating systems and office suites, with assets such as the MSNBC cable television network, the MSN Internet portal, and the Microsoft Encarta multimedia encyclopedia. The company also markets both computer hardware products such as the Microsoft mouse and home entertainment products such as the Xbox, Xbox 360, Zune and MSN TV. Known for what is generally described as a developer-centric business culture, Microsoft has historically given customer support over Usenet newsgroups and the World Wide Web, and awards Microsoft MVP status to volunteers who are deemed helpful in assisting the company's customers.

English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 69

English - Essay Example The freedom to speech and communication is a universally accepted provision within the modern day confines of democracy though the government and other oversight bodies are charged with the mandate to regulate the limits to this freedom. The government or the other regulatory bodies have the capacity to enforce regulation prohibiting publication of a piece of literary work such as a poem, thematic play or any personal declared piece of information upon establishing that the information being conveyed is detrimental to a country’s or institutions welfare and this define censorship. Nevertheless, there exists varying opinions between people in favor for or against censorship as supported by individual experience or perception of the same. I highly appreciate the government’s role in controlling and managing the freedom of expression as is provided for within our constitution. However, I highly disregard her role to censor the public for selfish gains or order to condone practices that are against ethics and morality as it happened through my own experience. My theatre group happened to be shortlisted the best student in provincial drama festivals in the category of High school competitions back in the year 2010. We had presentation of a play that had the theme of the deep rootedness of corruption within the governance structure of a hypothetical country though in real sense that was a direct representation of our country. The event that had lead to the script write choice of the theme had been a just recently concluded election where one ethnic community (and which had previously made the better part of the government) won the presidency as well as the majority representation in the national assembly. Through the play, we captured how this community and politics had shaped the institutions of the country to be more or less a communal structure and had over two-thirds of all-powerful

Workplace Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workplace Communication - Essay Example They have communicated their reservation about the O-ring’s potential for failure but as the disaster would tell, they were not able to send their message across effectively. The launch still commenced leading to the explosion of the Shuttle just seconds after the launch. It became clear that the Challenger Disaster was a communication issue as reported by the findings of Roger Commission, the body that was formed by President Ronald Reagan to investigate the explosion. The result of the investigation showed that the people in the telephone conference from Marshal Space Flight Center had different understanding of the message that the engineers were trying to convey which is why the Shuttle was still launched despite of the engineer’s reservation. The Columbia Shuttle flight 107 disaster may have a different circumstance from the Shuttle Challenger but it still ended up in disaster just like its predecessor. The common culprit is again miscommunication. Again, the engineers had expressed their reservation about the foam prior to the Columbia launch. But they were not able to communicate its message to the proper authorities effectively so the launch was still commenced ending in the same tragedy. Both the tragic stories of Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia taught me the importance of not only communicating my message clearly and completely, but I should also consider if my messages are reaching the intended audience at a right time and opportunity. This story may be funny but sometimes working with senior citizens in the office can have humorous implications. I took a summer job before and this is where my experience happened. Our boss can already be considered as a senior citizen but he is still brisk at work. One time, I was asked to write a report for a monthly meeting which I happily obliged. I gathered all my data at the office and told my boss that I will have it done by the weekend and will send

Vanillin: Physiochemical Properties, Production and Uses

Vanillin: Physiochemical Properties, Production and Uses Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is an important flavoring agent mostly used in beverages, pharmaceutical industries, food products, etc. Naturally present as a vanillin glucoside in vanilla pods and used as an intermediate in the synthesis of some drugs. Vanillin possesses antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. In the past, production of vanillin is very expensive and a very long process. Vanillin was obtained from the oxidation of lignin, or from ferulic acid pathway or some other pathways. The chemical production of vanillin from various methods had been described. The method used in this research is High selectivity in the oxidation of Mandelic acid derivatives and in O-Methylation of Protocatechualdehyde. The starting material used here was catechol and nowadays this method is used for the industrial production of vanillin. The method used was tiresome but produces vanillin in good yield. The analysis of obtained vanillin was done by using Thin Layer Chromatography and Infrared Spectroscopy. Infrared spectrum of obtained product and reference spectrum of vanillin were compared. The similarity of melting points of the obtained product and vanillin from literatures shows that the product obtained can be confirmed as vanillin. Introduction Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybanzaldehyde) is a main part of natural vanilla. It is a major flavouring agent used widely in the food and dairy products, beverages and pharmaceutical industries etc. It is an organic aromatic compound which contains three functional groups (aldehyde, phenol and ether). Vanillin is obtained from the beans or pods of Vanilla plant (Vanilla planifolia). Its origin is from the subtropical forests of Mexico and Central America. Mayan and Aztec civilizations are the first who discover the properties of vanilla. It was first extracted by Nicholas Theodore Gobley in 1858.1 Vanilla Planifolia Vanilla pods Vanilla beans In freshly harvested vanilla pods vanillin is binds with the ÃŽ ²-D-glycoside. Today vanillin is used in the preparation of many pharmaceutical preparations like Papaverine, Levodopa, Levomethyldopa and antimicrobial agent Trimethoprim and also for the production of herbicides and antifoaming agents. Vanillin also has properties like antioxidants and anti-tumor. Due to its aromatic properties it is widely used in the air fresheners, perfumes, incense and candle.1 Vanillin is extracted from the vanilla beans but due to its low natural production and high demand it is prepared by various synthetic methods like chemical synthesis, enzymatic synthesis etc.1 Physiochemical properties of Vanillin: Vanillin is a white crystalline powder which has a melting point about 820C. The purity is generally above 99.0% w/w on dried basis. Vanillin has a characteristic pleasant smell and taste for which it is widely used in the world. The boiling point of vanillin is about 1540C and its sublimation temperature is reported to be 700C. Vanillin starts to decompose at 1600C. Vanillin has a vapour pressure of 0.0022 hPa at 250C and 0.0017 hPa at 650C and saturated air has a concentration of 0.00029 % at 250C, corresponding to 18.0 mg/m3. The vapour density of vanillin is found to be 5.3 at 250C. Its apparent specific gravity is 0.6 kg/dm3. Specific gravity of vanillin is reported to be 1056 kg/m3 at 200C. Vanillin is soluble in water and its solubility increases with increasing temperature. Its solubility in water at 25Â °C was reported to be 10g/L. Vanillin was reported to be readily soluble in alcohol (ethanol). Also vanillin shows slight solubility in ethyl acetone, methanol, and diethyl ether. The Octanol/ Water partition coefficient was found to be 1.21 which indicates that vanillin is unlikely to bio accumulate. The pH of vanillin in water is 4.3. The phenol group of vanillin has a pKa value of 7.38. With increasing pH the molecule will lose a proton, become negatively charged and more soluble in water. Vanillin dissolves in dilute solution of alkali hydroxides.16 Production of vanillin: The production of vanillin is a very long and expensive process which involves large number of steps as well. The pollination of flowers has to be done manually as there is lack of natural pollinators. The flowers have to be pollinated within 24 hours to bear fruits. The vanilla beans require 10- 12 months to mature from the time of pollination. The matured vanilla beans are yellowish green, and are bitter in taste. The matured beans lack the characteristic vanilla flavour which only develops upon curing, which involves three steps. 1) Killing, the green beans are treated with variety of methods such as scalded with hot water, exposed to sun, wilted in the oven, scarred, treated with ethylene gas, or frozen to disrupt tissue integrity. The second method is the cheapest but most labour- intensive. In this step tissues completely lose their integrity, but still contains high amount of moisture which has to be removed by the sweating process. This step runs for 7-10 days, during moisture content of the beans reduced to 60- 70 %. After losing the moisture the beans turn dark brown in colour and start to develop their characteristic vanilla flavour. To reduce microbial spoilage and to concentrate the flavour, the moisture content were further reduced to 25- 30 %. After this step, the beans are stored in closed containers to reach their highest flavour content and then their conditioning is done either by hot water treatment or by sun drying.5 2) Process of curing and drying together requires 4-5 months. The cured beans pods may be covered with tiny crystals of vanillin. This coating is known as givre, which sometimes used as criterion for quality assessment.6 3) During the fermentation process, vanillin is released from its non-volatile glucoside by the action of vanilla ÃŽ ±-glucosidase on vanillin glucoside.3 Vanillin alone is not present in the extract of V. Plantifolia, some related phenylpropanoid (C3-C6) compounds [mainly p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(8.6%), vanillic acid (4.3%), p-hydroxybenzyl methyl ether (0.9%) ] are also present which gives the unique flavour to natural vanilla.7,8,9 However, vanillin has also been found to be present in traces amount in plants like tobacco, fruits and fruit products like orange, grapefruit, and tangerine. In mango, vanillin is present both as free vanillin and vanillyl glucoside. It is also reported to be present in elderberry juice, blueberries, orange juice, strawberries, passion fruit juice, leeches, and wines. It has also been found in diverse food products such as popcorn, extruded oat flour, apple cider brandy, commercial liquid smoke flavourings, mushrooms and chocolate.3, 10 Vanillin is added in the concentrations ranging from 1 to 26 milimolar in the food products which depend upon the nature of the product. Vanillin has a low flavor threshold value of 20Â µg/L in water at 20 Â °C.11Although more than 12000 tonnes of vanillin are produced each year only 1% of it comes from the natural sources and the rest are synthesized by chemical synthesis.12 Moreover, the high demand for vanillin and the fact that the vanillin derived from plants is relatively expensive ($1200- 1400 per kilo compared to synthetically produced which is

The James Wright Festival :: essays research papers

The James Wright Festival Part One   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reading the poem entitled â€Å"Youth†, I felt that James Wright was not only describing the life of his father but also the lives of the many other factory workers in the Ohio Valley. Many of these workers had either dropped out of school or went straight to the factories after high school, never really getting a chance to enjoy their lives as young `````adults. I think that has something to do with the title of this poem. It’s clear that Wright knew his father and the other men were not satisfied with their jobs and just chose not to speak about it. These factory workers slaved away and then came home â€Å"quiet as the evening† probably because they were content to just be relaxing at home with their families. They knew that this was their way of life and they had to do it, even if they had big dreams to someday get away. I think that Wright was also trying to make a point that these men who worked so hard every day were not valued as much as they should have been. These men did not have the education to get a higher paying job but they did have the proper skills and knowledge to work in the factories. I like that James Wright mentioned Sherwood Anderson in this poem as I enjoy his work. Anderson left his Ohio hometown for Chicago to pursuit bigger and better things because he knew if he stayed in the area, he would be unhappy. However, it is a little ironic that Anderson one day just got up and left in the middle of writing and was said to have a mental breakdown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can definitely see what Wright was communicating with this poem. I had a somewhat depressed feeling after reading it, but I don’t know how one could read this and NOT feel that way. I also felt a little sad because I have been around people like this all of my life. Family, friends, friends of the family- a large majority of these people worked in factories and in the steel mills. As a child, I did not realize just how hard working these people were but of course as I grew older I started to understand. No one really spoke of it, as Wright also expressed in the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as what was important to me in the experience of the poem, I felt that the fact that I could actually relate was important. The James Wright Festival :: essays research papers The James Wright Festival Part One   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After reading the poem entitled â€Å"Youth†, I felt that James Wright was not only describing the life of his father but also the lives of the many other factory workers in the Ohio Valley. Many of these workers had either dropped out of school or went straight to the factories after high school, never really getting a chance to enjoy their lives as young `````adults. I think that has something to do with the title of this poem. It’s clear that Wright knew his father and the other men were not satisfied with their jobs and just chose not to speak about it. These factory workers slaved away and then came home â€Å"quiet as the evening† probably because they were content to just be relaxing at home with their families. They knew that this was their way of life and they had to do it, even if they had big dreams to someday get away. I think that Wright was also trying to make a point that these men who worked so hard every day were not valued as much as they should have been. These men did not have the education to get a higher paying job but they did have the proper skills and knowledge to work in the factories. I like that James Wright mentioned Sherwood Anderson in this poem as I enjoy his work. Anderson left his Ohio hometown for Chicago to pursuit bigger and better things because he knew if he stayed in the area, he would be unhappy. However, it is a little ironic that Anderson one day just got up and left in the middle of writing and was said to have a mental breakdown.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I can definitely see what Wright was communicating with this poem. I had a somewhat depressed feeling after reading it, but I don’t know how one could read this and NOT feel that way. I also felt a little sad because I have been around people like this all of my life. Family, friends, friends of the family- a large majority of these people worked in factories and in the steel mills. As a child, I did not realize just how hard working these people were but of course as I grew older I started to understand. No one really spoke of it, as Wright also expressed in the poem.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As far as what was important to me in the experience of the poem, I felt that the fact that I could actually relate was important.

Ramsey S. Cotron

ORTHOPEDIC CONSULTATION Patient Name: Ramsey S. Cotron Patient ID: 023672 DOB: 03/15/—- Age: 2 Sex: Male Consultant: Jessie D. Smith, MD, Orthopedics Requesting Physician: Reed Phillips, MD, Pediatrics Date of Consult: 10/01/—- Reason for Consult: Infected Finger. HISTORY: Ramsey is an otherwise healthy 2-year-old Lebanese child who had an injury to the distal failing of his right middle finger the day prior to being seen. The patient is left-hand dominant. The patient was brought to Dr. Phillips of Pediatrics secondary to worsening redness as well as infection of the nail bed.Orthopedics consult was requested on 09/30/—- for possible paronychia. The patient at that time was having no fevers or chills and he was tolerating his antibiotic regiment well. PAST MEDICAL SURGICAL HISTORY: None other than circumcision shortly after birth. BIRTH HISTORY: Normal full-term vaginal delivery. FAMILY HISTORY: Non-contributory. SOCIAL HISTORY: Patient lives with his mother and a sibling, Father deceased. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: Ramsey is alert, oriented, playful, and in no apparent distress. The patient does have erythema surrounding the tip of his right distal failings, middle finger. There is mild purulent from the area.The area is minimally tender to palpation. The nail appears to be lifting off from the nail bed itself. He has good capillary refill and has good flexion and extension of that finger. (Continued) ORTHOPEDIC CONSULTATION Patient Name: Ramsey S. Cotron Patient ID: 023672 Date of Consult: 10/01/—- Page 2 ASSESSMENT: This is a 2-year-old male with paronychia. PLAN: Follow up with me at 9am tomorrow. Mother was given my pager number should the patient’s condition worsen overnight. I will be in touch with Dr. Phillips. _______________________ Jessie D. Smith, MD, Orthopedics JS: D:10/01/—- T:11/14/2012 C: Reed Phillips, MD, Pediatrics

Tablet computer technology

Tablet computer technology Introduction Tablets refer to mobile portable computers that embrace the most modern technology of touch screens. Such computers use the screen as the primary input mode though some have digital pens for data input. The screens are sensitive to touch and gravity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Tablet computer technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Tablet computer technology consists in the fact that large computer components are shortened ensuring that their size is considerably reduced compared to the laptops or desktops; their efficiency is enhanced as well. Hybrids are an improvement of the laptops since they have keyboards that can be detached from the main central processing unit. Slates, on the other hand, have an inbuilt keyboard engrafted in the system. Instead, slates wholesomely rely on the on-screen keyboard for the text input (Computers. n.d.). Comparison of selected tablets Ipad 2 It runs on a CPU with A 5 microchip dual core together with a display of 9.7‑inch LED-backlit Multi-Touch display with IPS technology, and a resolution of 1024Ãâ€"768, 132 pixels per inch. It weighs 613g and runs on a MAC X v10.6.8 operating system with a storage capacity of 64 GB. This gadget currently retails for $499 (Tabletpccomparison, 2012) Samsung galaxy note 10.1 This tablet runs on the latest android operation system (4.0 Ice cream sandwich). It has an internal memory of 16GB together with a quad core processor and a micro SD card slot for expanded storage of up to 50GB. It weighs less than 500g and operates on the technology of AMOLED display with a resolution of WVGA 800Ãâ€"480 and a detachable input pen. It retails for a price of $450 (Computers. n.d.). LG G-Slate V909 Its price is $366. It is run by a dual core processor with a speed of 1 GHZ dual core (NVIDIA Tegra 2 T250). Its internal capacity is 32 GB with a RAM of 2 GB and an approximated weight of 1.45 pounds. The machine is operated by an android operating system. Its screen resolution is 1,280Ãâ€"768 pixels. The gadget has a screen size of 8.9 inches and a display technology of thin film transistor liquid crystal display otherwise known as TFT technology (Tabletpccomparison, 2012)Advertising Looking for essay on advertising? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Toshiba Thrive 10 Tablet The gadget costs about $400. It runs on the latest Android 3.2 honeycomb Operating system with a NVIDIA ® Tegraâ„ ¢ 2 Dual-Core Processor (1GHZ dual core). It has a 16 GB memory capacity with a display of 10.1 high-resolution widescreen with (1280800) pixels, LED Backlit, Multi-touch. Its weight is 10b. Sony Tablet S It runs on an android honeycomb operating system with a screen display of LED technology and 16:9 widescreen. The machine has a resolution of 1280Ãâ€"800 pixels together with a processor type: NVIDIA Tegra2 and approximated weight of 1 2b.The processor speed is 1GB. It has an internal storage capacity of 1 GB is sold at the price of $366. All the tablets discussed above are very powerful gadgets. As a student though, my preference is the Samsung galaxy phone. This gadget offers a unique range of qualities that corresponds to my needs and interests. The four chips provide very high speed along with the powerful display and the pen input system. As a student interested in graphic designs, it gives me a gadget with an unprecedented capability to develop my designing skills. The machine has a humongous number of applications, and is also relatively affordable. References Tabletpccomparison. (2012). Retrieved from https://www.tabletpccomparison.net/ Computers. (n.d.). Retrieved from eHow: https://www.ehow.com/

Free Essays on Momen Fast Food Chain Penetrating A New International Market

Mo’men International Marketing Research Plan A. Situation analysis: Definition of company & product. Mo’men is an Egyptian fast food chain, with branches all over Cairo, Alexandria and El Mansoura. The restaurant’s menu offers a selection of sandwiches, featuring mainly beef, chicken and seafood, in addition to an assortment of finger foods and side orders. B. Problem formulation. Mo’men is thinking of expanding internationally and is considering London, UK, for its new branch. The management needs to make a decision about the possibility of such a thing and how to proceed with the needed steps to make such a decision. C. What kind of information do we need. Generally, we need data to assess market potential and investment climate, as well as the risks and costs of operating in the UK market. The next step is to make an explicit evaluation of demand in the UK, specifically the London fast food market, which is important when considering initial market entry, because of the high costs and uncertainty associated with entering new markets. Consequently, the Mo’men management has to make an initial estimate of demand potential in the market. Secondary Data: Secondary data is particularly valuable in assessing opportunities in countries with which the management has little familiarity. We need secondary data to: 1. Develop estimates of demand in the UK, using lead-lag analysis and econometric forecasting models, but more preferably using surrogate indicators and barometric procedures. For the UK market, surrogate indicators are not appropriate, as they are useful in markets where little data is available, market potential is limited and relatively crude estimates will suffice. Barometric procedures, on the other hand, provide more precise estimates at both the aggregate market level and for specific market segments. 2. Assess the extent of market interconnectedness, using macroeconomic trade data, data concer... Free Essays on Mo'men Fast Food Chain Penetrating A New International Market Free Essays on Mo'men Fast Food Chain Penetrating A New International Market Mo’men International Marketing Research Plan A. Situation analysis: Definition of company & product. Mo’men is an Egyptian fast food chain, with branches all over Cairo, Alexandria and El Mansoura. The restaurant’s menu offers a selection of sandwiches, featuring mainly beef, chicken and seafood, in addition to an assortment of finger foods and side orders. B. Problem formulation. Mo’men is thinking of expanding internationally and is considering London, UK, for its new branch. The management needs to make a decision about the possibility of such a thing and how to proceed with the needed steps to make such a decision. C. What kind of information do we need. Generally, we need data to assess market potential and investment climate, as well as the risks and costs of operating in the UK market. The next step is to make an explicit evaluation of demand in the UK, specifically the London fast food market, which is important when considering initial market entry, because of the high costs and uncertainty associated with entering new markets. Consequently, the Mo’men management has to make an initial estimate of demand potential in the market. Secondary Data: Secondary data is particularly valuable in assessing opportunities in countries with which the management has little familiarity. We need secondary data to: 1. Develop estimates of demand in the UK, using lead-lag analysis and econometric forecasting models, but more preferably using surrogate indicators and barometric procedures. For the UK market, surrogate indicators are not appropriate, as they are useful in markets where little data is available, market potential is limited and relatively crude estimates will suffice. Barometric procedures, on the other hand, provide more precise estimates at both the aggregate market level and for specific market segments. 2. Assess the extent of market interconnectedness, using macroeconomic trade data, data concer...

Rehabilitation Engineering Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Rehabilitation Engineering - Coursework Example al., 2012).   In the resultant clinical extension, various independent examiners have to categorize the performance of knee extension with accordance to IKDC. Here, 16 knees that have got deficits with regards to the range of motion should be rated by use of a generic goniometer as well as the measurement device for novel extension. The radiological dimensions of the knee expansion angles that should be restricted to the tibia and femur shaft is allowed to only have a systematic absolute error of about -5.2 +/- 1.9 degrees as compared to the lines established by the rotational centres. In an experimental setup, the average absolute deviations should be at around 3.92 +/- 1.41 with a goniometer and around 1.22 +/- 0.20 degrees when it comes to the other measurement device. Radiological knee extension measurements that are limited to the knee joint area systematically deviate from the total axis measurements with regards to bones. A goniometer that uses the tibia and femur bony landmarks is often s uperior in terms of accuracy as compared with the long arm and standard goniometer techniques (ADAM, MCDUFFIE, et. al., 2012).   Over a few decades, there has been a substantial improvement with regards to Knee replacement surgery, mainly due to improved methodologies and techniques, improved devices and improved conversancy of knee and function and physiology. More durable and successful knee replacement schedules have had a big effect on various clinical practices (DURIG, 2013).  GPs have to understand something on some of the advancements that have been attained as well as how the clinical practices have transformed as a result, specifically in the segment of patient selection and patient assessment surgery. GPs should have the ability of distinguishing between abnormal and normal progress after such a surgery. Knee Replacement refers to a surgical procedure whereby prosthesis or an artificial joint is used to replace a broken

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 30

Management - Essay Example Charles Investments, Molson Coors Brewing Company, and UCD’s Institute for International Business. Undeniably, globalisation has changed the nature of 21st century businesses all over the world. The world is becoming smaller by day with favourable tariffs encouraging cross-border businesses. Surprisingly, developing countries have followed suit in cross border businesses accounting for a significant percentage. Arguably, IMF predicts that in the coming few years’ developing countries will account for half of the global businesses. Advancement in technology has resulted to high-speed internet that has reduced the barriers of time and distance. Additionally, they have worked on their work environment to accommodate other cultures, other languages, and geographies. After reading the book the coming job war by Jim Clifton that describe a metric based economic model that links human nature in the work place, customer engagement, and business outcomes, IBM is considering adopting the approach. In addition, the talent masters by bill Conaty and Ram Charam has played an important role in shaping IBM. Marriott explains that IBM is working towards aligning its workforce to global opportunities a thing that will improve its productivity through development of creative leaders. In addition, this move will develop workforce skills with greater capabilities, collaboration skills, and with capacity to share knowledge. A great opportunity arises in creation of a workforce that mirrors the shift of an organisation form one level to another. IBM targets improved services to its customers, most of whom will be form outside the US. Arguably, today, 35% of IBM’s revenue comes from the US, with the balance coming from non-US countries. Projected target pr edicts that by 2017, the revenue coming from the US will go down to 23% and the one from the non-US increase to 77%, which encourages them to invest in other countries other than the

Product Innovation Charter Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Product Innovation Charter - Assignment Example Every gate will have 'gate keepers' who will maintain the system in place; these people will also evaluate the condition of the product at that stage and whether the product meets all the criteria that are needed to pass the gatei. Only if the conditions are met, the gate keepers will allow the product to cross over. There could be more than one gate keeper for every gate. Every one of the gate keepers will be a specialist in the area of concern. For instance, for every gate the list of gate keepers will include the marketing person, a person from the production and customer support in addition to the other design department professionals. This is needed because the marketing person represents the problems in launching the product in the market; at the same time, the production person will let the designer know the problems that are faced at the time of productionii. Each one of them will have their own conditions for the product to pass through. The gate created at every stage is tuned for the product that has to pass through. Only those products that meet the criteria are allowed to pass through. This will ensure that the products created are up to the expectation and meet the marketing department's original needs. The following sections define every one of the stage in the process of development. The process of initiation is the commencement of the design co... They meet the needs of the end users and during the process they might get a better solution for the same problem and therefore, these people come up with the original idea creation and initiation of the concept. They are also the people who know whether there is a market for the product under questioniii. They know what are the types of customers that expect this requirement and how do they make use of these products. So they are right judges on the product marketability as well. This would be important reason for the initiation to start from the marketing department. Similarly, the customer support executives and professionals are the other set of people who come in touch with the customers and they are able to come up with new ideas and concepts that could satisfy the customer needs. The process of initiation would comprise of identifying an appropriate market opportunity. This has to include assessing the market for the product and the possible market share that the product might garner in when compared to the other products in the market that meet the needs of the customer. The new product idea and the product technology that will be employed should also be finalised at this stage. This will help in working out the possible options that the developer might have while designing and developing the product. The target user, his specific needs if any should also be identified. The target customer will decide on various other user needs such as operating language, specifications etc. The following marketing characteristics should be considered, ideally: 1. Market and the growth of the market. 2. The customer need the product is expected to meet. 3. Entry barriers 4. Competition and the advantages that the

Useful Steps to Overcome the Fear of Public Speaking Essay Example for Free

Useful Steps to Overcome the Fear of Public Speaking Essay http://www.toastmasters.org/tips.asp (retrieved on 26/06/2013) This website provides some useful tips that should be followed to overcome the fear of public speaking. First, it instructs presenters to choose a topic that they are interested in, and try to know more about it than they include in their speech. Second, rehearse loudly with all the material that they plan to use and try to practice with a timer. Third, imagine themselves giving their speech with clear, loud, and confident voice, and visualize the audience applauding for them because that will enhance and boost their confidence. Then, they should arrive early to the room that they will present in and rehearse using visual aids. In addition to that, they should know the audience by greeting them when they arrive and address them because that will subside their nerves. Also, they should not apologize for any problem or nervousness, for the audience may not notice it. http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/fear-of-public-speaking/AN01979 (retrieved on 26/06/2013) Tips that are given in this website to handle the fear of public speaking are slightly different from the first one. First, presenters should know that the goal of their presentation is not to convey data, but it is to motivate and inspire their audience. Second, they should read a lot about their topic because the better they understand their subject, the less they will make mistakes. Then, they should practice many times and try to do it in front of people who they are comfortable with and ask for feedback. In addition to that, they should speak with conviction, for when they believe in what they are saying, they will convince their audience effectively. They should do some deep breathing before presenting because that will help them relax and mitigate their nerves. Moreover, they ought to prepare some stories because they will get their thoughts across much better than charts and numbers, and because they will make their audience engage with them. Next, they should know that the a udience is in their side, and they want them to succeed.

Deeper Philosophical Meanings :: essays research papers

One of ancient Greece’s tragic plays in entitled “The Bacchae';, written by Euripides. Many larger and deeper philosophical views are expressed in the play. The plot contains many speeches, and one might think at certain points that they would be the moral. The actual moral, however, is almost impossible to define. Euripides uses a style of writing that is heavy with surreal details that are not present in other Greek tragedies. On page 21, lines 506-7, the comment “How do you live? What are you doing? Who are you? You don’t know!'; helps the reader to comprehend what the play is all about when looked at from a critical point of view.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dionysus, throughout the play speaks in a term that is almost cynical. His tone is mocking and at times sarcastic. Many times in the play, he refers to himself in the third person to heighten the sense of his power that the characters receive in the play, as well as make himself out to be a messenger of Dionysus, not the god himself. He encourages all to let out their true nature. As a god in ancient Greece, he stood for wine and drunkenness, ecstasy, sexual being, dance, and madness. It is hinted many times throughout the reading that Dionysus has a revenge motive. It is as if he wants to punish the population of Thebes for not taking his true power seriously. When he appeared on Earth, he could have made himself look like an all powerful god, but instead took on the form of a deviant youth and a weakling. He is irrational and one can pick up a sense of his wrath toward the people. Knowing all this, when Dionysus said, “How do live? What are you doing? Who are you? You don’t know!'; it is easier to define the meaning behind the statement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dionysus knew all along what his plan was against the people of Thebes. He also knew exactly how everything was going to turn out. It was his plan all along to punish the people for not treating him like the truly powerful god he was. He used Pentheus and a kind of sacrifice, and the women he drove to the mountains as his pawns. He used to women because he knew that the true power in the city lay in the women of the houses, not the men.

Human Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying Essay -- Ernest J. Gaines

Human Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying    Grant and Jefferson are on a journey. Though they have vastly different educational backgrounds, their commonality of being black men who have lost hope brings them together in the search for the meaning of their lives. In the 1940’s small Cajun town of Bayonne, Louisiana, blacks may have legally been emancipated, but they were still enslaved by the antebellum myth of the place of black people in society. Customs established during the years of slavery negated the laws meant to give black people equal rights and the chains of tradition prevailed leaving both Grant and Jefferson trapped in mental slavery in their communities. The struggles of Grant and Jefferson share a common theme, man’s search for meaning. Grant has the advantage of a college education, and while that may have provided some enlightenment, he remains in the same crossroads as Jefferson. Grant sees that regardless of what he does, the black students he teaches continue in the same jobs, the same poverty and same slave-like positions as their ancestors. Grant has no hope of making a difference and sees his life as meaningless. Though Jefferson’s conflict is more primal, it is the same as Grant’s struggle. Jefferson is searching for the most basic identity, whether he is man or animal. It is this conflict of meaning and identity that bring Grant and Jefferson together. In this book, Ernest J. Gaines presents three views to determine manhood: law, education and religion. Jefferson has been convicted of a crime, and though he did not commit it, he is sentenced to death as a "hog" a word that denies any sense of worth or fragment of dignity he may have possessed in a world ruled by oppressive white bigots. Jefferson is at an even greater loss as he has no education and after the conviction he doubts that God can even exist in a world that would send an innocent man to his death. It is clear that Jefferson does not believe he has any value. " ‘I’m an old hog. Just an old hog they fattening up to kill for Christmas’ " (83). Though Grant may have had some advantages compared with Jefferson, his position in life was not significantly better than Jefferson’s. Grant knows that if he had been the black man sitting in the courtroom, he too would have been convicted. In his powerful opening to the novel, Grant says, "I was not there yet I was there... ...rong tell them im a man" (234). Jefferson died with dignity and Grant returned to Bayonne believing he could make a difference. It is not clear that religion, a belief in God, made the difference for either of them. It is clear that as they struggled with the issue of a higher power, they did discover that the meaning of their lives was not attached to the white man’s beliefs and myths, but rather came from inside themselves. To the end, they both struggled with whether or not there was a God. As they end their journey together, Jefferson is at peace and becomes a hero in his community. Though Grant cannot be a hero, he does find his place and returns to the schoolhouse with new hope and a vision for making a difference, if not for himself, for his students. He doubts himself at times, but he gains determination for his students. "Yet they must believe. They must believe, if only to free the mind, if not the body. Only when the mind is free has the body a chance to be free. Yes, they must believe. They must believe. Because I know what it means to be a slave. I am a slave" (Gaines 251) Works Cited Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.

Why Video Games Are Good

A kid plops down in front of the television and powers up his video game console. As he reaches for his controller, his mother has one point of view in her mind, more time wasted, another day wasted, video games rot my children’s brain. Or do they? Video games have a horrible stigma of â€Å"rotting our brain’s† because many believe that they are pumping our children’s minds with senseless violence and explicit content. Although many video games do include a substantial amount of violence, it comes second to the fact they can actually make you smarter according to many scientists and academics. They are seen to be good learning devices because of the problem solving and strategic thinking that is utilized to play video games. While there is obviously no substitute for classroom learning, video games can exercise the brain in many different ways. Most kids would rather pick up a joystick than pick up a textbook. Much to they’re unknowing they are exercising their brains. While traveling and discovering this exciting virtual world, they begin to figure out the rules and understand their goals in order beat the game and win. What might seem like a mindless zombie sitting on the couch for hours is actually someone solving a profuse amount of puzzles that are instilled in their video game. Someone playing a video game must solve and complete direct conflicts while keeping their overall goal in perspective. Playing a video game is similar to solving a science problem. Video gamers must come up with a hypothesis while trying to accomplish a goal, much like a student conducting a lab would do. For example: if a gamer is searching for a hidden item and they hypothesize that the item is in a dragon’s belly, they will attack the dragon and discover whether their hypothesis was correct or false. If they don’t find the item they must modify their hypothesis the next time they play. Video games are driven by goals and objectives, which are essential for learning. Scientific studies have shown that the brain can change with practice. If you train yourself to complete a certain objective, the part of you’re brain that you are using can actually growth in size and operation. Another cientific study has shown that those who constantly challenge their brain have almost a 50% less chance of developing dementia. Video games are all about interactive and active exploration, unlike leisurely reading a novel. A video game requires your brain to make immediate decisions. While reading a novel will exercise your creativity and imagination, video games will make your bra in weigh circumstances and evidence, examine situations, reflect on your overall goal and forge a decision. It is not about what you’re thinking about when playing a video game, it is the way your thinking that challenges your brain. Video games make learning easier, comfortable, achievable and enjoyable. Any kid would rather learn how to slay a dragon than learn there times tables. This is simply because games offer more immediate and visible rewards. Memorizing and studying terms and theories may get you a good mark on your test, while beating the final boss will end the game. Gamers can also create their own adventure and decide their own unique fate and decided where they want to go and how they want to get there, within the restrictions of the game. It becomes their adventure. This is all played from the safety of their home, which prevents fears of making a mistake in front of others. If they lose, they can simply restart and try again without the feeling of embarrassment. This encourages gamers to take risks and expand their exploration opportunities. Although video games are no substitute for classroom learning, they have beneficial outcomes that can improve our brains activity making it healthier and function more efficiently. So next time you contemplate purchasing a video game, think about it not as endless hours waiting to be wasted, but rather as a large time investment for better of your mind.

WW2 True Believer essays

WW2 True Believer essays There are many shapes and sizes of people that follow a mass movement, but according to Eric Hoffer in his book The True Believer, all the people have some peculiarities in common with one another. No matter if it is religious movements, nationalist movements, or social revolutions, each person in a mass movement seem to follow a certain mold. In reading this book one could come to the conclusion that this man is educated in this field. He points out many facts that are right on the button. This book, The True Believer, is a fantastic window into what makes a mass movement possible. It is also a great window into the minds of the people that join the movement. Hoffer does a great job of breaking down what kind of person it takes to join these mass movements. Hoffer explains what appeals to the people so that the people will actually join the movement. He points out that many people are attracted to the idea of a sudden change in their life. To these people the movement is a quick way for them to change their life. It is a vehicle for change, after all that is what a movements soul cause is, change. People that feel that they are successful are less likely to want to change. They will be more likely to want to cling to the present because they are doing so well. Yet, the unsuccessful are likely to join the mass movement because they are frustrated with their life and are looking for a change. This point seems very valid. For someone to want a change in their life they must not be satisfied with their life. If someone is successful and satisfied with their life why would they want a change? They have everything they want, they want no change because change would mean a different way of life. Why change what already works. The thought of a change for someone who is unsatisfied is a gateway for them to possibly grab onto the life they wish they had. It takes a certain kind of person to join these mass movements....

Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Essays

Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Essays Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Paper Family and Communication in As I Lay Dying Paper Essay Topic: A Lesson Before Dying As I Lay Dying The concept of family usually suggests the notions of love and communication. If that were universally true, then the entirely opposite of this would be the cliched entity of the dysfunctional family. But William Faulkners novel As I Lay Dying introduces us to an uncommon dysfunctional family, the Bundrens, and their story is told in a very exceptional manner. A wide range of Faulkners novels are set in the U. S. South, most definitely because he was raised in that region. For that purpose, he created a fictional setting for several of his novels, the Yoknapatawpha County, including this one, where it is depicted as an actively hostile environment, with floods and heat. As I Lay Dying chronicles the death of Addie Bundren, the family matriarch, and the subsequent journey to bury her corpse in her familys cemetery several miles away. As the story progresses, we encounter a series of events that range from darkly comic to completely unsettling, with the use of diction and irony. This book doesnt have a defined point-of-view. Each chapter features narration from one of the various characters in the book, including Addie herself. The narrators consist of family members, friends, acquaintances, and some onlookers. Each narrator provides a different perspective on individuals and events. This element of the novel is perhaps the most important one since it makes the book unique and at the same time it makes it dynamic, since we learn about the background of the members of the family and about their experiences from a different perspective in each chapter. : Indeed, at times the reader can only discern events by comparing information from various narrators. It also emphasizes a major theme in the novel: every character is essentially isolated from the others. Moreover, the characters in the novel do not communicate effectively with one another. Adding to this, when they do communicate, they only do it through banal statements; we never witness any external expression of emotion, we only observe their inner thoughts. Misunderstandings ensue due to this lack of communication between the family members. We have Anse, the patriarch, a selfish, lazy, and hypocrite man with a poor language, and the three sons and daughter he had with Addie: Cash, Darl, Vardaman and Dewey Dell. Then theres Jewel, whos the illegitimate lovechild of Addie and the town reverend, but nobody knows this. But out of all these characters, including Vernon and Cora Tull (their neighbors) and Dr. Peabody, the protagonist is, in my opinion, Addie. Even though she only narrates one chapter and shes dead throughout most of the book, her death and her body in a coffin serve as literary devices to give impetus to the plot and to the characters internal thinking. To some members of the family, like Cash and Jewel (Addies favorites), the journey to Jefferson to bury her is out of pure devotion, but to others, its a trip with ulterior motives; for Anse, to get new teeth and for Dewey Dell, to get an illegal abortion. These intricacies may seem tragically comic and ironic at first, but if given more thought, they seem more disturbing than anything. One of the most disturbing things about this novel is the characters of Darl and Vardaman and their constant questioning of identity. While Vardaman tries to deal with death by identifying his mother to a dead fish, Darl goes deeper into it by questioning his own existence, isolating himself more from others and falling into madness. One of the questions the novel seems to raise is if whether communication is of relevance or not in our daily lives, and after finishing reading this book, I can say it definitely is, whether we like talking to each other or not. Also, although this novel involves death, abortion and a dysfunctional family, Faulkners choice of tone is quite defying: a dark, humorous tone, often ironic. Perhaps the most outrageous moment is by the end of the novel when, after all the family has endured and lost, Anse has already gotten a new wife days after Addie has been buried. This kind of turn of events makes it hard to extract some sort of lesson out of the novel. But asides from humor, Faulkner utilizes another literary device, the stream-of-consciousness technique, most notably during Vardamans and Darls rants. Through these passages, we delve deep into Faulkners examination of the human mind and we discover that it is a profound and complex thing, almost unexplainable. Still, are we all destined to end up like Darl, in a mental asylum, just by questioning some of lifes complexities? Before we even think to boggle our heads with our own identity, I learned we should first have some sort of self-assurance so we dont lose a sense of self if we discover something unpleasant about ourselves in any personal psychological examination. If one does find anything unlikable, just thinking of people like the Bundrens is enough to cheer one up. Bibliography: -Faulkner, William As I Lay Dying

Genetic Enhancement Essays - Molecular Biology, Biotechnology

Genetic Enhancement Essays - Molecular Biology, Biotechnology Genetic Enhancement Complaining about What is scarring people in these days is the possibility of cloning discoveries. At this point the question is: how this discovery will affect our society? And what is the scientists goal?. We all are worried about this discovery because what come out from scientists it is not really reassuring. Even scientists dont know what will be the long- terms effects of playing with genes if they might have bad results on patient's descendants. Moreover, by altering the natural course of nature on people, making them thinner, healthier we might increase marginalizazion and discrimination of people who cant or just dont want to be genetically enhanced. In response to pressure from society, We should stop and think before allowed scientists to go on without strict controls. All the attention these days to concerns about human cloning has pushed other controversial areas of medical science into shadows. The first attempts are to carry out genetic enhancement in humans could soon be under way. The goal of genetic enhancement is not to treat people with diseases or abnormalities, but to make healthy people more attractive. To do so, it would employ the recombinant- DNA techniques from monocular biology that emerged in the 1970s. This permits scientists to remove individual genes from one organism and introduce them into another, even on another species. Although we belief that The therapy aims to overcome health problems by giving the effected individuals the normal- or functioning- gene. Allowing genetic enhancement in more than a few very special cases poses real problems. First, the risks to the patient at present are very great compared with the possible benefits. We sill know very little about how they act- a single gene can have multiple effects in different parts of the body. Moreover, genes do not act alone: the ire effects are amplified, demitted, or counterbalanced by others genes in ways that we do not understand. We might be willing to expose a patient to great risks to treat grave disease. Subjecting someone risk is ethically unacceptable if the person seeking treatment is healthy. Second, genetic enhancement may pose risks to others, particularly to patient's offspring. We do not know whether gene therapy might contaminate the genetic material of the gonads. Because of this, genetic enhancement might create serious enhancement unacceptably high when weighed against the possible benefits. Genetic enhancement might reinforce irrational societal prejudices. People who do not wish to be genetically enhanced eventually night be marginalized or suffer discrimination. We should not simply throw up hands and lament that nothing can be done to stop genetic enhancement. Instead, we need to decide what enhancements we consider unacceptable, and to prevent their use. A helpful model is the moratorium that scientists imposed on themselves in the early 197s, when they had just discovered how to manipulate genetic material trough recombinant DNA techniques. If we do not establish some guidelines now, we are likely to find ourselves focusing only on the short term interests of an individual patient. Allowing the anxieties and biases of the moment to blur our judgement. Nor should we leave decisions about genetic enhancement to the whims of the market place or in the hands of patients or families. This may be too easily swayed by messages in the media about what standards of appearance, and behavior are acceptable. We need to decide what enhancements we consider unacceptable, and prevent their use. Furthermore sometimes we forget the real importance of a human life, too often scientists treat human as animals because of their experiments. We all want to live in a good world preferably without any kind of illness, but if this means destroy our nature may be is time to think watts we are doing and were we are going to end. Medicine exists since the humane race exists, but in the past was different; it was an armless medicine created in order to take care of real ill people. On the other hand whiteout out the progress in medicine we wont survey in this way. We can certainly affirm that we have a cure for almost everything: beginning from the fever and ending. Bibliography .personal notes

Midterm - HIST Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Midterm - HIST - Essay Example The meeting took place at Versailles on May 5, 1789.1 The success of the goal was the creation of a national assembly. As a result, it was a success as the event laid a foundation for the creation of a new constitution. Secondly, the revolts led to various changes in France. The revolts broke out in the name of saving the third state from Louis XVI. Later, the revolts engaged in addressing the ineffective land holding system. In addition, the revolts led to fear among the citizens and many-formed militia fearing attack from foreign troops.2 However, the fear created helped in influencing the national assembly in instituting crucial reforms. The nobility passed momentous reforms in the national assembly. For example, the assembly passed a declaration of the rights of man.3 Consequently, there was spread of liberal believes in the country. For example, there was access to public office, end of exemptions from taxation, and the people were allowed take part in making of laws.4 Moreover, there was a guarantee in the freedom of speech and the press. Moreover, the march to Versailles was instrumental. The march resulted from king failure to return to Paris he was against changes. The march largely comprised of women. The march forced the king to accept new decree by the national assembly.5 The king returned to Paris and feudalism was abolished as well as Declaration of rights.6 The other significant issue was the process of overcoming the enemies of the revolution. The effect was setting of revolutionary courts for trying the enemies of the revolution. This came to be known as the Reign of terror.7 The consequence was a creation of more space for the church as they were given place to reopen. Moreover, there was a passage of a new constitution and the establishment of a national legislative assembly. The other significant step was the coup d’Ã ©tat. A general known as Napoleon Bonaparte led the coup. The revolution was as a result, of

Situation Analysis (Marketing Reserch) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Situation Analysis (Marketing Reserch) - Essay Example Like any large American company, GM has also diversified its operations to include strategic partnerships with other companies and has a part in making electronic components for aircraft as well as various parts for other equipment. GM’s core product is the manufacturing of automobiles. These products are divided into several divisions that have different brand names, each designed to appeal to a different demographic part of the market. For example, the company produces both the Chevrolet and Cadillac lines. Chevrolet vehicles are designed for the market segment that wants basic and affordable transportation. The Cadillac line, however, is made for the high-end consumer who wants performance or prestige and doesn’t mind paying much higher prices for a vehicle. The company also has products in many different countries that are specifically designed for the customers who live there. Industry Trends. The automotive industry is highly competitive, and requires GM to constantly consider what the customers want and how to efficiently provide for the demands in the market. One of the major trends in the automotive industry is the fragmentation of the market, due to competition from other manufacturers outside the country. This has required a change in the location of production plants. GM and other automakers used to follow production concept called the â€Å"regional branch concept† where, because automobiles are â€Å"bulky products fabricated from thousands of parts, automobiles were assembled as close as possible to consumers in order to minimize aggregate freight costs† (Rubenstein 137). Now, given the changes in the market, they employ a more centralized procedure that considers the primary consumer of that particular brand and build production plants in places that allow easy delivery to several markets. Another major trend in the industry is the move to hybrid vehicles. As

The Impacts of International Agreements on Domestic Policy Research Paper

The Impacts of International Agreements on Domestic Policy - Research Paper Example These include presence of domestic distortions that may counter the process of investment and adjustment in new activities. Moreover, it is purported that trade gains and performance enjoyed by a nation relies on activities and performance of their trading partners. It is evident that foreign market accessibility reduces has both positive and negative effects on the trading activities of a given country. They can either raise or lower imports’ prices. Similarly, they have detrimental effects on the growth potential, investment incentives, and terms of trade of developing nations (Trela et al 271). Multilateral and bilateral international agreements have been identified to facilitate in addressing externalities or negative pecuniary spillovers chanced by trading partners’ policies. In addition, they help in adoption of feasible national policies and be implemented as instruments to solve non-pecuniary externalities. Rather than just focusing on national policies that imp acts pecuniary spillovers as the primary objective, attention has been raised due to the prevalence expansion of the domestic policies also known as the â€Å"behind the border† policies. ... Controversies emerge in cases where trade agreements are extended behind the border policies. This is in regards to government difficulties in drawing boundaries of the world trade organizations. Moreover, the government is faced with difficulties in determining the type of international organizations that can be better pursued through international trade organizations. Since, there exists no specific solution; specific analysis is inherent of the status quo domestic policies implications. Further, magnitude and existence of any negative spillovers and the benefits and costs impact of alternative forms of international associations is essential regarding to binding and voluntary dimensions. International agreements fostering trade liberalization have little impacts on economic growth stimulation in countries with distorted capital, markets, and product. Studies show that increased openness to commerce positively correlates to income in all nations or regions. Nevertheless, it is asso ciated with lower living standards in countries that impose high costs on restructuring or heavily controls new entry. Domestic policies in this sense restrict navigation of resources to sectors or firms exhibiting productive developments. Trade openness productivity effects are positively defined by entry and exit of firms rather turnover rates. Therefore, international trades associations facilitate rather allow reallocation of production factors, particularly policies that promote domestic competition exemplified by entry and exit of resources and flexibility in the labour market (Bako 78). Governments are faced with challenges on how to embrace international agreements in solving domestic distortions and enhancing trade-related institutions. International