Keynesian Theory vs. Supply Side Essay example - 869 Words

Two very important economic policies that point in different directions of fiscal policy include the Keynesian economics and Supply Side economics. They are opposites on the economic policy field and were introduced in the 20th century, but are known for their influence on the economy in the United States both were being used to try and help the economy during the Great Depression. John Maynard Keynes a British economist was the founder of Keynesian economic theory. Keynesian economics is a form of demand side economics that inspires government action to increase or decrease demand and output. Classical economists had looked at the equilibrium of supply and demand for individuals, but Keynesians focuses on the economy as a whole. Keynesian†¦show more content†¦These taxes were passed from business to business and eventually to the consumer, ending with higher prices. Along with raised taxes for the working class, this effect happened because there was little encouragement to work if more was going to be taxed. Many people were also not willing to put money into savings accounts or stocks because the interest was highly taxed or had a higher interest rate. Supply side economics seemed to have worked each time it was tried throughout the past and was even used by John F. Kennedy. Keynesian’s theory of spending your way out of an issue never really worked and most likely won’t work because it contains negative effects. Supply side economics which centers on increasing overall supply that includes good and services that are produced by increasing availability of land, labor, and capital. Keynesian economics focuses on demand side economics and the multiplier effect. This is considered spending your way out of a recession. Keynes showed that the government could switch roles and become consumers during a recession and spend enough money to kick start the economy again. This is a short term policy meant to be used in a case that the United States is in such deep financial problems it would have to come to this. The main difference between the two is that one is a short tem advantage while the other takes longer. Keynesian Economics uses a tool called the multiplierShow MoreRelatedEssay about Divisions of The Field of Economics1407 Words   |  6 Pagesneeded capital expenditures using low rate loans, possible because of stimulus monetary policies, to increase market share, or acquire rivals or complementary businesses at reduced prices. Our first objective is to develop an understanding of tools, theories, and techniques used in macroeconomic analysis. These will allow us to understand how to measure economic growth, productivity, and inflation. What is the impact of budgetary and trade deficits on these factors? How do changes in fiscal and monetaryRead MoreSupply-Side Economics: History and Relevance2977 Words   |  12 PagesSupply-Side Economics: Its History and Relevance Today. â€Å"Supply-side economics provided the political and theoretical foundation for a remarkable number of tax cuts in the United States and other countries during the eighties. Supply-side economics stresses the impact of tax rates on the incentives for people to produce and to use resources efficiently.† -James D. Gwartney Introduction The theory of supply-side economics has several labels associated with it, some positive andRead MoreEssay on Government Spending, Deficits, and Keynesian Economics1236 Words   |  5 Pagesinfluencing the demand and supply of money, primarily though the use of interest rates. It also involves unconventional policies such as open market operations. Monetary policy is most widely used for â€Å"fine tuning† the economy. They are responsible for making small changes. However, monetary policy has its boundaries. In the most recent years monetary policy has become more popular since its set by the Central bank, fiscal policy can possibly have more supply side effects on the wider economyRead MoreMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy1012 Words   |  5 PagesMonetary Vs. Fiscal Policy, Which is best? There are two separate ways that the economy can be regulated; the two options are fiscal and monetary policy. Both of these policies main goal is to get the economy to be in economic equilibrium. Economic Equilibrium is a condition or state in which economic forces are completely balanced and allows for optimal use of the economy. Then we are faced with the question of if the economy in in an inflationary gap or a recessionary gap. This paper is goingRead MoreEconomics12898 Words   |  52 Pagesway some if which are complexly stated. One author defines scarcity as a commodity or service being in short supply, relatives to its demand (Kapur 1997) which implies a constant availability of commodity or economic resource relatives to the demand for them. In quantitative terms, scarcity is sad to exist when at a zero price there is a unit of demand, which exceeds the available supply (kapur 1997). Simply put, scarcity pertains to the limited availability of economic resources relative society’sRead MoreTaxes And The Economy : Maximizing Economic Growth2213 Words   |  9 Pagesdebate in the press, congress, and advocacy groups. These debates are created in part because there are many different theories about what drives economic growth. Groups often refer to the Neo-classical, supply-side factors, others the Keynesian demand-side factors, and still others refer to a mixture of the two or something completely their own. Arguing over a current theories ability to maximize growth is extremely difficult. However, looking at historical fiscal policies and decisions made definitelyRead MoreMixed Economy7299 Words   |  30 Pagesneeded] Economies ranging from the United States[3] to Cuba[4] have been termed mixed economies. The economic freedom side includes privately owned industry for reasons including individual freedom, economic efficiency (most especially the allocative efficiency provided by the invisible hand of markets), and the incentive to innovate provided by competition. The government regulation side addresses concerns that the private sector cannot be (or at least has never yet been) well equipped to address, suchRead MoreThe Assertion By Lawrence And Weber Essay2638 Words   |  11 PagesThe assertion by Lawrence and Weber that government may use regulation to â€Å"allocate resources, set prices and constrain socially irresponsible behavior of companies, â€Å"..is also a key principle of Keynesian Economic Theory that postulates that, â€Å"Optimal economic performance could be achieved -†¦-by influencing aggregate demand through activist stabilization and economic intervention policies by the government† (Investopedia, 2013). While the merits and benefits of such action have the potential toRead MoreThe Impact Of Economic Growth On The World And The Environment3597 Words   |  15 Pagesenvironment. This essay provides a selection of theories with unique perspectives regarding the different impacts of economic growth on countries around the world. It will also explore the different methods/theories discussed by academics for best achieving economic growth. Aiming to provide a critical insight to the issues involved in economic growth, this essay will focus firstly on what economic growth means, then going on to consider different theories of achieving economic growth. The way differentRead MoreMacroeconomics Gdp5520 Words   |  23 PagesDemand-Aggregate Supply 2.2 IS/LM 3 Macroeconomic policies 4 Development 4.1 Origins 4.2 Keynes and his followers 4.3 Monetarism 4.4 New classicals 4.5 New Keynesian response 5 See also 6 Notes 7 References [edit] Basic macroeconomic concepts Macroeconomics encompasses a variety of concepts and variables, but three are central topics for macroeconomic research.[3] Macroeconomic theories usually relate the phenomena of output, unemployment, and inflation. Outside of macroeconomic theory, these

junk and shit Essay - 1673 Words

Reflection or Fabrication?† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the beginning of civilized society, man has been infatuated with entertainment. From the ancient Grecian Plays and bloody Roman gladiators to Hollywood productions and Broadway musicals, people have always loved to be entertained. The forms of entertainment have changed, but not the effects that they have on the spectators. Movies, Television, Musicals, and even Music itself, all have a profound effect on the people who loose themselves in the magical (and sometimes hypnotic) charm of the entertainment. It is a way to escape the everyday hustle and bustle of the sometimes chaotic â€Å"real world† and just get lost in the story. Here†¦show more content†¦It shows the audience that humans are not able to be civil, instead they must first resort to a violent behavior and a reckless attitude with the consequences being left to worry about later. Since the introductory or the television in the 1950s, the homicide rate has doubled(CDC.gov). The violent shows also cater to children. A study done by the American Psychological Association concluded that the average child will have witnessed 8,000 murders and over 100,000 different acts of violence by the time he or she will have completed the 5th grade. It was also determined that a child will have spent over 22,000 hours watching television by the time he or she graduates from highschool. That’s twice as many hours than that child spent in school their entire life.(APA.org) A child exposed to such violent programs has been proven to be more aggressive than those not exposed, especially if that child goes un-punished (MSNBC.com). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Another great contributor to the violence obtained by children are video games. Coming a long way since â€Å"Pong† and â€Å"Asteroids†, today’s games are full of real life scenarios and violent behavior. Violence that is so realistic, it’s almost unreal. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On November 9th 2004, stores across America were overflowing with customers who were waiting in line to buy the newest video game, Halo 2. The game was createdShow MoreRelatedShort Story872 Words   |  4 Pagesho! Shit bro! This is god damn sweet. I know you are a fucking genius when it comes to machines but this is just unfuckingbelivable. From where did you even get this shit. You dont have that kinda credits. Anyhow, lets go for a rideeeeeeeee! Said Sam while pulling Bric and closing the hood. Bric just laughed and then they both got in the car. They were in an old bunker which is located on the outskirts of one of the biggest cities of Earth, Berlin. It was al Bunker had all kinds of junk lyingRead MoreSummer Speech - Original Writing1646 Words   |  7 Pagespainted a hideous shade of lavender, the choice of the apartment s former occupant. They couldn t afford to paint the room a less atrocious color. There was a carpet over the splintering wood. She had a desk near the dresser, but it was littered with junk. Although it was rather shitty, this was Winter s only refuge. After a good five minutes, she finally realized she had to get up from her bed. With a groan, she sat up. She walked to the pile of clothes, looking for an outfit that wasn t completelyRead MoreThe Death Of Snow - Original Writing973 Words   |  4 Pagesthem they d be going for a drive and that they d be home pretty late. Matt. Shit. At the remembrance of his friend, Nick stumbled back up to one foot and hopped the remaining distance to the car with an awkward gait, reaching the car and resting against it as he looked through the broken windows for a sign of his friend. No dice. Through the jumbled, haphazard interior, Nick could see bits of plastic and various junk pieces that must have broken on impact. He noticed his phone partially coveredRead MoreThe Comprehensive Addiction And Recovery Act Essay1055 Words   |  5 Pagesthe station, can expectation to gain comprehensive improve, as the mart for such illegal drug is anticipate to become to $563 million in yearly sales by 2019. MethadoneMethadone is a far-reaching-histrionism opioid dosage. Unlike recreational drug, junk, oxycodone, and other habit-forming opioids that continue in the conceive and extent for only a lacking tempo, methadone has outcome that last for days. Methadone origin suspension, but—inasmuch as of its steadier control on the mu opioid receptors—itRead MoreBeat The Meat Essay1224 Words   |  5 PagesMeat that contains the pathogen can be injected with ammonia, a chemical used in glass and window cleaning products. However, the amount of ammonia they use to kill off the E. coli can also be a lethal dose. In conclusion, feeding all this junk to the cow may cause it to grow faster, but it also degrades the quality of the meat and causing diseases to spread between the cattle. The government should be more stringent on the meat packing industries. Instead of hiring workers that has littleRead MoreShort Story721 Words   |  3 Pagesheartbeats. Andreas inclined his head, his eyes fastened on the high-ranked demon in front of him. â€Å"It does, my Lord.† Bossman’s gaze shifted to the box in Andreas’ hand. He clicked his tongue, his face contorted in disgust. â€Å"Why must you insist on eating junk food? Lay it to one side and allow me to summon my personal chef. He is a superb macrobiotic culinary artist.† The demon kissed the tips of his talon-like fingertips, and a flicker of light broke through the darkness in his eyes. â€Å"Tis no bother forRead MoreThe Ant : An Ant1495 Words   |  6 Pagesfuckin flying or something, each thrust sending him higher and higher. The air was filled with the sounds of exoskeleton hitting skin, Scott’s heavy breathes and Antony’s warbled clicks and whistles. â€Å"Oh fuck yes An..Antony a h pleassse mm harderr oh shit† Scott moaned. He was getting close now, he could feel it low in his stomach. He arched his back when a particularly hard thrust hit his prostate dead on, his loud whines getting lost in a sea of pleasure and heat shared between Antony and his masterRead MoreMr. Jackson Drones On And On About Something Or Other1571 Words   |  7 Pagestell me sooner?† Pete exclaims as soon as his best friend picks up. â€Å"I mean, damn! We can start a gay club or some shit like that.† â€Å"You’re not Gay, Pete.† Pete can hear the exasperation in his friend s voice. â€Å"I am hella gay, and you can shove it.† â€Å"Bisexual is not Gay.† â€Å"Well, if you want to get technical, then I’m hella bi. We can start a â€Å"men who love men† club or some shit like that† Pete laughs. â€Å"Exclusive only to us, right?† Patrick asks. Pete can almost hear Pat smile, and it fillsRead MoreThe Soviet Union And The United States Essay1837 Words   |  8 Pagesis bullshit. You can’t use a treaty we didn’t even sign to say you can take all our shit.† I think that’s an exact quote. Then he nationalized the Anglo-Iranian (British Petroleum or BP, today) Oil Company’s oil fields, in order for the profits to, you know, go to Iranians. The British were having none of that bullshit, but they only had, like, one serviceable warplane after World War II, so they couldn’t do shit about it. A political and economic showdown ensued: Iran granted Britain no accessRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The Ghetto 969 Words   |  4 Pagesdoor in an annoyed manner)Here s the damn book Carlito, if you get fucking lice, te jodiste.  CARLITO(glances at the book in mystery as he takes it into his hands)This is the book he sent you?GLORIA(sighing)Yep, that s one of them. I gotta go do some shit, bye.(gloria throws an air kiss and about to close the door)Oh, if I were you, get rid of that TLA sweater - CRS is around the way and you don t wanna get jumped.  CARLITO (V.O.)I m staring at the book in my hands as I head down in the deathtrap elevator

iPhone. Apple Free Essays

Drew Adams Intro to Art (FINE 1001 002) Learning to Look 02/07/2013 Source. iPhone. Apple. We will write a custom essay sample on iPhone. Apple or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2009 Formal Analysis The product that is advertised in this advertisement is the new iPhone. The composition of this advertisement is only a concept version of the iPhone. It is showing only the back of the iPhone, which gives a different perspective of the main product which makes viewers want to learn more. The color palette of this advertisement consists of mostly dark colors with the print being in white. There is bold print that says, â€Å"Touching is believing†, this statement is bold to show the slogan of the advertisement. The advertiser uses the contrast of the black and white colors to give emphasis to the slogan, which could be the focal point of the picture. The black color maybe gives the sense that the product has great innovation. The viewer can clearly see the Apple logo and knows that the product is made with good quality. Interpretation This advertisement could be trying to show how different apple is than other companies in terms of being innovative. The product being shown is the iPhone, this is Apple’s most prized product on the market. There is text in the middle that is in white and it says, â€Å"Touching is believing†. A key feature is shown as a subtitle under the main slogan that states, â€Å"The new, faster iPhone now with 3G†. The image characterizes the company as superior to other companies. Evaluation The main goal of this advertisement is to get the viewer to buy the product. It surely does a good job of grabbing the attention of the viewer and making people curious about their product. The main audience of this advertisement seems to be anyone who enjoys technology or wants the â€Å"newest† and â€Å"superior† device. By the look of the advertisement it seems to do a good job at reaching the audience that they want to reach. What is impressive about this advertisement is that it is simple yet effective in getting the point across and getting the viewer to be curious. Image of Advertisement How to cite iPhone. Apple, Papers

Accounting for Managers Cash Budget and Income

Question: Describe about the Accounting for Managers of Cash Budget and Income. Answer: Introduction Present report is based on forecasting of cash budget and income statement of Company X Ltdfor the month July to December. It will include description of its significance to the managerial parties. Part A Cash budget Company X Ltd. Cash Budget on monthly basis for the month July to December Month July August September October November December Opening Cash Balance 50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 Paid up share Capital 400000 Receipt from debtors 1000000 Cash Receipt from sales 400000 500000 500000 700000 1200000 1700000 Total cash receipts 800000 550000 550000 750000 1250000 2750000 Fixed asset purchased 240000 Cash paid to creditors 600000 600000 200000 200000 200000 200000 Labour Cost 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000 300000 Overhead Cost 230000 230000 230000 230000 230000 230000 Payment to creditors 400000 Total cash paid 1370000 1130000 730000 730000 730000 1130000 Closing Balance -570000 -580000 -180000 20000 520000 1620000 Financing Borrowed from Bank 620000 630000 230000 30000 0 0 Repayment 409250 1100750 Interest 60750 13385 Cash balance ending 50000 50000 50000 50000 50000 505865 Interest calculations Interest for November Interest for December July 620000 620000*15%*4/12 31000 (620000-409250)*.15*1/12 2634.375 August 630000 630000*15%*3/12 23625 630000*15%*1/12 7875 September 230000 230000*15%*2/12 5750 230000*15%*1/12 2875 October 30000 30000*15%*1/12 375 30000*15%*1/12 30000*15%*1/12 60750 13384.375 Working note 1 Labour Cost Particular Amount Total Cost 1800000 Period 6 month Cost Per Month 300000 Working note 2 Overhead Particular Amount Total Overheads 1380000 Period 6 month Overhead Per Month 230000 Part B Income statement Budgeted Profit Loss at the end of the period (Amount in $) Income Sales 60,00,000 Expenses Purchases 26,00,000 Labour Cost 18,00,000 Overhead 13,80,000 Interest 74,135 Depreciation (2000*6) 12,000 Profit before Income Tax 133,865 Budgeted profit at the end of the period 133,865 Part C Usefulness of Cash Budget Budget Profit Loss Account Cash Budget Budgets are based on estimated data; therefore they do not present actual data. The result of budgets is dependent on the accuracy or the fairness of data and the sources that have been used for the preparation of budgets. Cash Budget mainly consists of two areas, which are sources of cash and application of cash for a specific period. It is used to ascertain whether the operations of the company will be able to provide sufficient cash to meet the projected cash requirement. In case it is not able to meet the requirement, it gives an early alert to management for finding additional sources of funding. The data of cash budget are used in other budgets also (Hope and Fraser, 2013).The details regarding the operation, financing activities and investing activities can be easily received from it. The results of cash budget are helpful in financing budget, debt and both interest income and interest expense (Lee Jr and et.al. 2012). As from the available data the management gets information regarding surplus and deficit of cash. In case a large, unusual cash balance is presented in cash budget then these balances are dealt in financing where suitable investments are indicated for them (Oduro and et.al. 2013). In cash budget, only cash expenditures are considered i.e. the nature of expenditure and the period in which they accrue does not matter. The objective with which it is prepared to ascertain the cash required for any project or the additional amount required for any project (Warren, 2015.). Budget Profit Loss Account It is majorly used in analysing the financial result of the project of a company i.e. whether they are reasonable or not. As it is compiled with other budgets, the accuracy may be dependent on the realism of the input made available to the budget model (Ebnther, 2015). With the implication of budgeted profit and loss account, the management gets to know the reason of loss if any and changes can be done before practical application of projects (Cox, 2014). The information regarding the major expenses and the additional income from surplus cash is availed by the management through this budget. The main factor which is to know before actually investing in a project is to know that whether the project is financially viable or not and it is known through budgeted profit and loss account. The advantage that can be availed from this budget is that an analysis can be made regarding the project appropriately about the future profit and loss if we input the appropriate data (Bierman Jr and Smidt, 2012.). Conclusion In accordance with the present report, it can be concluded that with the implication of budgeted profit and loss account, the management gets to know the reason of loss if any and changes can be done before practical application of projects. Further, cash budget assist in determining requirements of business. References Bierman Jr, H. and Smidt, S., 2012. The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge. Cox, P., 2014. Master budget project: cash budget macro. Strategic Finance, 96(4).P.54. Ebnther, S., 2015. Economic Capital for Market Risk. Available at SSRN 2628918. Hope, J. and Fraser, R., 2013. Beyond budgeting: how managers can break free from the annual performance trap. Harvard Business Press. Lee Jr and et.al., 2012. Public budgeting systems. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Oduro and et.al., 2013. Cash Budget Imperative Element of Effective Financial Management. Warren, K., 2015. Time to look again at accrual budgeting. OECD Journal on Budgeting, 14(3), P.113.